Multiple Modernism

As said on the website, modernism is more than what “Style” can describe. Modernism
can be using completely new ideas, or it could be taking past designs and adding onto them. Modern design is not restricted, and can contain multiples styles and designs. It's an idea that can achieve something new and functional. I've come to find that Lecorbusier and Gropius portray the International Style throughout their designs, but Lecorbusier had produced mixed outcomes. International Style aims to transcend the subtleties of regional, national, or continental identity. Using theoretical principles and Modernist materials, Lecorbusier does not translate the message well and fails as the traditions and habits of that particular culture. However, he did successfully apply ideas at Villa Savoye and within the LC-1 chair. Gropius uses the International style the most, because he focused on volumes rather than masses. He also focused more on objects' funtions opposed to ornamentation. Miles can der rohe borrows elements from the International style, but tends to work more in urban environments. It is said he leaves his signature on his designs through the use of material, which is key to the final product. In the Barcelona Chair, juxtaposes luxurious kid leather with cold metal is used. In the Barcelona Pavilion, he uses more Modernist materials, combined with elegant materials such as agate. Materials become an important part of expressing the architectural theories of Modernism as a whole, and there is no exception throughout the dialects. His design's contain horizontal planes, materials, and historical forms, focus on hearth, and ambiguity of spaces. These ideas condensed into the Prairie style, which is also considered by many to be the first true American style. Lowenstein mixes Modernist materials, such as steel and concrete, with local materials, such as flagstone and woods, with residential materials that are indicative of the time period, such as wallpapers and tiles. His style is nicknamed "Soft Modernism". He was able to translate the International style into a more critical local response.

I believe this hammer is a modern object, It's design was based on its function and the materials used serve a specific purpose. 

National Style

                  During the 19th century, a dominant style was apparent and showed in the capitols especially. These structures rejected roman order and went with Greek roots instead. The state capitols relate more to Greece, while the nations capitol is more about rome. The Kentucky capitol borrows elements from greek temples, but is not a purely greek style. 
         The grecian style is through all kinds of building types in the United States. It is not extremely important for a nation to have their own style, especially here in the US where we are very diverse. However, because the similarities in our nations style of architecture, it helps to recognize our country.Throughout the industrial revolution and the civil war, the national style was affected through the use of glass and cast iron. 

I believe this building shows an accurate representation of the building style of the 21st century. Many residential structures built today are asymmetrical, and fairly large,  

Impact of Palladio

Palladio's design are extremely important. He had such a vast influence in the development of Western architecture and his palaces and villas were imitated for 400 years all over the western world. He was the first architect to systematize the plan of a house and consistently to use the ancient Greco-Roman temple front as a portico, or roofed porch supported by columns. A roofed porch supported by columns was his most imitated architectural design. My own home contains that design, as well as so many other structures around the world. That in itself shows the impact he made, and how important he really is. 

palladian villas

Villa: Gazzotti Grimani

Location: Bertesina

Rule Book

I believe the rules of architecture and design are things that should followed in order to design a great structure, but they are not absolutely necessary in all things designed. However, following these rules will help create a much more functioning and aesthetically pleasing structure, and we can see they were used in many interior and exterior designs.

St. Peter's Basilica

Strive for harmony and unity in all things. It is very symmetrical, and successfully comes together as one. 

Continue to layer groves + stacks. We the the layers and stack in the arches, and above the arches. There is a lot of vertical lines in this space, drawing your eyes upward. 

Place community needs before your own. Because this is a place of worship and it is a very large space, it allows the needs of multiple people to be met. 

Expressions of Faith

Through this lecture, I discovered one of my new favorite quotes.
"Light, God's eldest daughter, is a principle beauty in a building." -Thomas Fuller
After hearing this quote, I realized how much the element of light plays into many religious structures. For example, the pyramid built by the Egyptians rises up to one single point. A piece of gold shined at the top at all times of day, reflecting the light of the sun. The idea of the pyramid symbolized pureness and perfection, which is how many view their faith.
Another example of this would be the Pantheon, built by the Romans. It was constructed facing the north, considering where the sunlight would be shining through during the autumn, winter, spring, and summer equinoxes.  At the autumn equinox, the light of the oculus reaches the upper hemisphere of the coffered dome. At the winter solstice it reaches its height. At spring equinox it touches the base of the dome, and shines through the grill above the front door. At the summer solstice it is totally on the floor. 
Many cultures incorporate a tremendous amount of decoration throughout their temples and other religious structures. The hindu cosmos are a great example of this, because your eyes are constantly moving and you're always finding something new to look at. 
The first thing that comes to mind when I think of faith expressed through architecture is stained-glass windows. The purpose of stained glass windows doesn't allow people to see outside, but it allows light to shine through, it adds beauty to a building, and often represents an honorable person. Some also tell stories. They flourished during the medieval period and were prominent in the Gothic period and the Renaissance. Today, you can find them in many churches and Cathedrals all over. Different cultures express their faith through designs in different ways. A structure becomes sacred because of what inspired the designer to construct it.  

Pope Villa

Latrobe helped develop American architecture through his designs of the White House and the U.S. Capitol building. and He was the first professional architect and engineer to work in America. Him being the designer of these famous buildings in our nation's capital shows his importance. 

 The plans for the hallway leading to the rooms changed to a less common design. Large windows in the drawing and dining room allow natural night to shine through. There is a very interesting layout and it is evident space is efficiently used. The lower level of the home is smaller than the top because the servants resided there, while the wealthy was on the upper level of the home. 

 The wood block wallpaper gives the interior more depth. Seeing it at a small scale rather than a larger one was disappointing because it looked like it used to be a very interesting aspect of the room.